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Lightweight semantic segmentation is essential for many downstream vision tasks. Unfortunately, existing methods often struggle to balance efficiency and performance due to the complexity of feature modeling. Many of these existing approaches are constrained by rigid architectures and implicit representation learning, often characterized by parameter-heavy designs and a reliance on computationally intensive Vision Transformer-based frameworks.

Multi-class multi-instance segmentation is the task of identifying masks for multiple object classes and multiple instances of the same class within an image. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a new foundation model designed for promptable multi-class multi-instance segmentation. SAM is able to segment objects in any image using a pre-defined point grid as an input prompt in the ``everything'' mode. However, out of the box SAM tends to output part or sub-part segmentation masks (under-segmentation) in different real-world applications.