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With the strong growth of assistive and personal listening devices, natural sound rendering over headphones is becoming a necessity for prolonged listening in multimedia and virtual reality applications. The aim of natural sound rendering is to naturally recreate the sound scenes with the spatial and timbral quality as natural as possible, so as to achieve a truly immersive listening experience. However, rendering natural sound over headphones encounters many challenges. This tutorial article presents signal processing techniques to tackle these challenges to assist human listening.

Audio signals for moving pictures and video games are often linear combinations of primary and ambient components. In spatial audio analysis-synthesis, these mixed signals are usually decomposed into primary and ambient components to facilitate flexible spatial rendering and enhancement. Existing approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and least squares (LS) are widely used to perform this decomposition from stereo signals.

Audio signals for moving pictures and video games are often linear combinations of primary and ambient components. In spatial audio analysis-synthesis, these mixed signals are usually decomposed into primary and ambient components to facilitate flexible spatial rendering and enhancement. Existing approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and least squares (LS) are widely used to perform this decomposition from stereo signals.