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Since the weighting coefficient associated with each antenna is a complex number, both magnitude and phase controls are required in analog implementation and they are different for different antennas. This will add complexity to its implementation especially for large-scale antenna arrays and this problem can be mitigated by phase-only control on the analog beamformer.

Achieving high resolution time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation in multipath propagation scenarios from bandlimited observations of communication signals is challenging because the multipath channel impulse response (CIR) is not bandlimited. Modeling the CIR as a sparse sequence of Diracs, TOA estimation becomes a problem of parametric spectral inference from observed bandlimited signals. To increase resolution without arriving at unrealistic sampling rates, we consider multiband sampling approach, and propose a practical multibranch receiver for the acquisition.

The knowledge of the downlink (DL) channel spatial covariance matrix at the BS is of fundamental importance for large-scale array systems operating in frequency division duplexing (FDD) mode. In particular, this knowledge plays a key role in the DL channel state information (CSI) acquisition. In the massive MIMO regime, traditional schemes based on DL pilots are severely limited by the covariance feedback and the DL training overhead. To overcome this problem, many authors have proposed to obtain an estimate of the DL spatial covariance based on uplink (UL) measurements.

In this paper we study the tone reservation technique for the reduction of the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems that employ the Walsh functions. In the tone reservation method, the available carriers are partitioned into two sets, the information set, which carries the information, and the compensation set, which is used to reduce the PAPR. Central questions are: What is the best possible reduction of the PAPR? What is the optimal information set that achieves this reduction, and how can it be found?

Large peak to average power ratios (PAPRs) are problematic for communication systems. One possible approach to control the PAPR is the tone reservation method. We analyze the tone reservation method for general complete orthonormal systems, and consider two solvability concepts: strong solvability and weak solvability. Strong solvability requires a rather strong control of the peak value of the transmit signal by the energy of the information signal, and thus might be to restrictive for practical applications.