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This article presents a low bit-rate super wideband MDCT coder, which is adopted as a part of the recently standardized codec for Enhanced Voice Services. To maximize codec performance at 13.2 kbps, existing algorithms are reviewed and several new tools are introduced into the low bit-rate MDCT coder to improve the performance of the coder while coding music and mixed content. A subjective listening test demonstrates the advantage of the proposed system for 13.2 kbps when compared to AMR-WB+.

In this paper, a novel cooperative protocol for free-space optical (FSO) communication systems is proposed, wherein the performance analysis is evaluated over gamma-gamma (GG) fading channels with pointing errors. This novel relaying scheme is based on the optical path selection, source-destination (S-D) or source-relay-destination (S-R-D), with a greater value of fading gain or irradiance together with the use of repetition coding (RC), exploiting the potential time-diversity order available in the turbulent channel in order to maintain a high diversity order.

Complexity of linear finite-impulse-response (FIR)
equalizers is proportional to the square of the number of nonzero
taps in the filter. This makes equalization of channels with long
impulse responses using either zero-forcing or minimum mean
square error (MMSE) filters computationally expensive. Sparse
equalization is a widely-used technique to solve this problem. In
this paper, a general framework is provided that transforms the
problem of sparse linear equalizers (LEs) design into the problem